Population
While it contains 44% of Australia only 5% of Australia’s population lives there.
Skills shortages
Skilled shortages exist generally in Regional Australia and in particular in Northern Australia.
Emerging competitors
Global competition is a growing threat to Australia and in particular the large number of Countries that have SEZ’s is a major source of this increasing competition. In the iron ore sector for example the favorable differential in transport costs between Australia and Brazil is declining.
Regulatory burden
IPA report” The $176 Billion tax on prosperity” 2016 estimates that based on econometric studies that the economic cost of red tape in Australia is A$176 Billion per annum. This is 11% of Australia’s GDP and double the revenue from company tax or spending on education.
Agriculture
Northern Australia receives on average more than 60% of the Australia’s rainfall. It is more than 2 million GL of rainfall every year. (CSIRO 2015) This is enough water to fill a tank the size of the MCG to a height of 80,000 kms! Most rain falls in summer. However there are knowledge gaps in northern surface and ground water systems that must be filled. Over millennia there has been each year major rainfall run off into the ocean and into ground water systems.